Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis that affects millions of people all around the world. Cartilage, that is known as the protective cushions at the ends of the weight bearing joints, wear down over time, which results in pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. This leads to friction between the bones, causing pain and swelling. Often referred to as a "wear and tear" condition. OA affects mostly hands, knees, hips, back, though it can affect any joint.

With the progression of osteoarthritis, regular activities like walking, climbing stairs or sitting can be challenging & painful. Chronic pain and limited movement related to OA may also result in depression and regular sleep disturbances.

Damage in the joints due to osteoarthritis is mostly irreversible but symptoms of OA can often be managed. By maintaining activity, healthy weight, and exploring right treatments —the progression of the disease and pain can be managed and thereby joint function can be improved.

Pain: Discomfort or aching feeling in the joint, mostly while moving or after movement.
Stiffness: Joints become stiff, making it harder to move, mostly after waking up or staying in one position for a long period.
Soreness: The affected joint show tenderness while applying pressure.
Loss of Range: Moving the joint through its full range of motion becomes increasingly challenging.
Grating Sensation: A grinding, popping, or cracking sensation develops while moving the joint.
Bone Spurs: Bone spurs are bony growths that form along bone edges, that are called osteophytes, may form around the affected joint.
Swelling: Inflammation and fluid retention can cause the joint to appear swollen or puffy.

1. Aging: With age, the natural regeneration of the body decreases which results in the “wear and tear” of the joints.

2. Joint Injury: Previous history of ligament tear or fracture may damage bone cartilage and increase the chances of developing osteoarthritis.

3. Genetics: Family history can play a big role in developing this condition.

4. Obesity: Excessive weight gain puts extra stress on the weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis.

5. Overuse of Joints: Repetitive motion or overuse of certain joints, especially in sports or manual labor, can contribute to cartilage breakdown.

6. Gender: Women are more likely to develop osteoarthritis, particularly after menopause. But men are more prone to the condition at a younger age than woman.

7. Bone Abnormalities: Certain abnormalities, such as bone malalignment, bone marrow lesion or abnormal bone development, can lead to osteoarthritis.

8. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can damage cartilage and contribute to the development of osteoarthritis.

9. Other Health Conditions: Diseases like diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis may increase the risk of osteoarthritis due to their impact on joint health.

1. Physical Exam:

Joint’s range of motion, swelling, tenderness and any signs of deformity is examined by doctor. Doctor may also ask about symptoms and medical history.

2. X-rays:

X-rays can help to reveal cartilage loss, and bone changes (such as bone spurs) that are signs of osteoarthritis.

3. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging):

In most cases, an MRI may be suggested to provide detailed images of cartilage, soft tissues, and bones, offering a clearer picture of joint damage.

4. Blood Tests:

If the doctor suspects any symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, vitamin-D deficiency or any other indication, he may suggest some blood tests.

PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma) Therapy

PRP therapy involves drawing a small amount of your own blood, concentrating the platelets, and injecting them back into the affected joint. This helps promote healing, reduce inflammation, and regenerate damaged tissues.

BMC (Bone Marrow Concentrate) Therapy

BMC therapy involves aspiration of bone marrow from body (Iliac Crest), concentrating the cells, and injecting them into the affected joint. These stem cells promote tissue regeneration and cartilage repair.

SVF (Stromal Vascular Fraction) Therapy:

SVF therapy uses fat tissue extracted from body, which contains stem cells and growth factors. These adipose derived SVF is injected into the affected joint to promote healing and reduce inflammation.

MSC (Mesenchymal Stem Cells) Therapy:

MSC therapy involves using stem cells derived from various sources, one of them is umbilical cord. These stem cells have the ability to repair damaged cartilage, reduce inflammation, and promote joint regeneration.

Physiotherapy:

Physiotherapy helps to improve the strength and flexibility of the muscles surrounding the affected joint. Specific exercises are designed to reduce pain, increase range of motion, and prevent further joint damage.

Lifestyle Modification:

Exercise: Engaging in low-impact activities like swimming, walking, or cycling can help strengthen the muscles around the joint, improve flexibility, and reduce pain.

Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces stress on the joints, especially weight-bearing ones like the knees and hips.

Diet Modification:

Anti-inflammatory Diet: Incorporating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (such as fish, flax seeds, and walnuts) can help reduce inflammation.

Joint Health Nutrients: Including foods high in antioxidants, vitamin C, and vitamin D can support cartilage health and joint function.

Supplements: Supplements like glucosamine, chondroitin, and turmeric may support joint health and reduce pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis patients.

These treatment options aim to improve joint function, alleviate pain, and slow the progression of osteoarthritis, helping you lead a more comfortable, active life.