Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that gradually destroys brain cells, causing problems with memory, thinking, behavior, and eventually, the ability to function independently. It's the most common cause of dementia, a general term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life. While aging is a risk factor, Alzheimer's is not a normal part of aging. It's a complex disease with no cure, but treatments are available to manage symptoms and improve quality of life for those affected and their families

The symptoms of Alzheimer's disease worsen over time. Early symptoms may be subtle, but they gradually become more noticeable and disruptive. Common symptoms include:

Memory loss: Difficulty remembering recent events, conversations, or appointments. Repeating questions or stories.

Cognitive decline: Problems with concentration, reasoning, and problem-solving. Difficulty with familiar tasks, like cooking or managing finances.

Changes in language: Trouble finding the right words, understanding conversations, or reading.

Disorientation: Getting lost in familiar places, losing track of time or dates.

Impaired judgment: Making poor decisions, especially with finances.

Changes in mood and behavior: Increased irritability, anxiety, depression, or apathy. Restlessness or agitation.

Withdrawal from social activities: Loss of interest in hobbies or social gatherings.

The exact cause of Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood, but it's likely a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Researchers believe that the following factors play a role:

Age: The risk of Alzheimer's increases with age.

Genetics: While most cases are not directly inherited, having a family history of Alzheimer's increases your risk. Specific genes have been identified that can increase the risk, especially for early-onset Alzheimer's.

Brain changes: Alzheimer's is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits in the brain, called amyloid plaques and tau tangles. These disrupt communication between brain cells and eventually lead to cell death.

Other factors: Research suggests that cardiovascular health, diabetes, high blood pressure, and traumatic brain injury may also increase the risk.

Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease involves a comprehensive evaluation, including:

Medical history: Reviewing your medical history and current symptoms.

Cognitive and neurological tests: Assessing memory, thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and other cognitive functions.

Mental status exam: Evaluating mood, behavior, and awareness of surroundings.

Brain imaging: CT scans or MRI scans can help rule out other conditions and identify changes in the brain consistent with Alzheimer's.

Cerebrospinal fluid tests: In some cases, testing the cerebrospinal fluid for certain biomarkers may be helpful.

Neuropsychological testing: A more detailed assessment of cognitive function.

MSC (Mesenchymal Stem Cells) Therapy:

MSC therapy involves using stem cells derived from various sources, one of them is umbilical cord. These stem cells have the ability to repair damaged cartilage, reduce inflammation, and promote joint regeneration.

Medications:

Several medications are approved by regulatory bodies that can temporarily slow the progression of symptoms in some individuals.

Non-drug therapies:

These include: Cognitive stimulation therapy: Activities designed to enhance cognitive function. Behavioral therapies: Strategies to manage behavioral problems like agitation or anxiety. Occupational therapy: Help with adapting the home environment and daily tasks. Support groups: Providing emotional support and education for individuals with Alzheimer's and their families.

Lifestyle changes:

Maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and social engagement can also be beneficial.